The students were supported by the Italian Literature teacher prof.Lorenzo Torta  

as they decided to write some reports about Literature Nobel prize Winners(Luigi Pirandello,Eugenio Montale,Dario Fo)

Written by

Claudio Cisari

Giordano Bergamo

Marco Mapelli

LUIGI PIRANDELLO

  BIOGRAPHY

Luigi Pirandello was born in Sicily in 1867. He entered the university of Rome in 1887,but later moved to Bonn University.In 1894,at the age of 27,he married a young woman whom he had never met before, as his parents arranged it before. Her wife suffered a mental breakdown. In 1898 he became a professor of Italian literature  at a teacher’s college for women, and worker there for 24 years.In 1904 Pirandello gained his first literary success with the novel “Il fu Mattia Pascal” (the late Mattia Pascal).In 1923 he requested membership in the Fascist party and obtained Mussolini’s support in founding the National Art Theatre of Rome. His statement “I am a fascist because I am an Italian” has often been called on to support this theory.In 1934 he won the Nobel prize in literature.Pirandello died in Rome in 1936.

WORKS

The most important play is “Il fu Mattia Pascal” (the late Mattia Pascal).He wrote “Sei personaggi in cerca d’ autore”(Six characters in search of an author),“Ciascuno a suo modo” and “Questa sera si recita a soggeto” Pirandello revolutionized the modern theatrical techniques, creating a far greater degree of immediacy and involvement then had existed previously.

-HENRY IV: In Henri IV, Pirandello’s protagonist loses his mind after falling from a horse at the end of a masquerade. His illusion that he is the medieval German emperor Henry IV is coddled by a wealthy relative who surrounds him with a grotesque retinue of servants and courtiers.  Finally, after twelve years, the injured man recovers his sanity, but continues his insanity because he prefers this world of illusion to the real world in which he lost the woman he loved. When  this woman and her lover come to visit Henry IV, he is overcome with rage and mortally wounds his rival. Now it is more imperative then ever that the pretence of madness continue. If he is to escape the legal consequences of his actions,  he must remain  Henry IV for the rest of his life. The brilliance of Henry IV lies in its hero’s deliberate rejection of reality as something to painful to bear.

COMMENTS 

Pirandello is a very important italian writer. He is one of the 5 Italian writers that won a Nobel prize and he is studied in all Italian schools at the last year. His plays are represented in many  world theatres all the year and everybody have seen at least one Pirandello’s play.In Pirandello plays you don’t understand the reality. He said that the person to put the mask because recite the pert in the society.

Written by

Andres Barrera

Mattia Canevari

EUGENIO MONTALE

Montale’s life divided in 4 steps:

1.    He was born in Genoa in 1896, after finished his studies Montale deals to the music and sing . He begun to write on a newspaper and magazine after an ban carrier as musicians. In 1925 he wrote “Ossi di seppia”, a collection of poems about the illness of live.  

2.    When he moved to Firenze he was going to publish “Le occasioni”, of new collection of poems. The language used became  more dark be cause of Quasimodo’s influence 

3.    The Second War gave to Montale the inspiration to realize an other new collection title “La bufera e altro”, in this case the writer’s language became more difficult to understand. 

4.    In 1961, Montale was awarded an honorary degree at the   University of Rome and    shortly afterwards, at the universities of Milan, Cambridge, and Basel. In 1975 he won the Novel Prize for literature.

THE MAIN CONTENETS OF “CUTTLEFISH BONES” (Ossi di seppia) 

Montale took his way of writing from Leopardi and ermetism.

DISARMONY WITH THE UNIVERSE: for Montale the man is destinated to “solitudine”, because the world is ostile and it brings  to considerate it a way to eternal life.

“ANGOSCIA” OF LIVING:  the man is in disarmony with the world, so he is destinated to living in the “angoscia” and in pain, because he hasn’t any truth in which to believe and ............

MALE OF LIVING:  It’s a pessimism conception of the influeced by Leopardi. Montale believed that the life is male, so he consideres it as a way to eternal life.

 ”Happiness, for you we walk on a knife edge. To the eyes you are a flickering light, to the feet, thin ice that cracks; and so may no one touch you to love you.”  

        Some works of Eugenio Montale

Written by

Roberto Giuliano

Christian Arpini

Paolo Bianchi

Giovanni Flore

DARIO FO

BIOGRAPHY

 Dario Fo was born in 1926 of Sangiano (Varese) in Lombardy. After studying art and architecture in Milan, Fo took part in radio programmes with a series of monologues (Poer Nano), made is debut as an actor in 1952 ( Teatro Odeon, Milan).

In 1954 he married the actress Franca Rame. In 1959 the couple founded their own company, in which Franca Rame was the leading lady and Fo the writer, producer, mime and actor.

In 1970 founded the theatre collective “La Comune”. Toghether with Rame, Fo has written a number of monologues, inspired by the struggle of Italy’ s women for the right to divorce and legal abortion. His collected plays include 70 or so works.In 1981 Fo was awarded the Sonning Prize.

Best plays

 - Gli arcangeli non giocano a flipper (1960) – We can’ t pay, we won’ t pay (1974) – Tutta casa and letto e chiesa (monologues) – Il dito nell’ occhio (1953) – I sani da legare (1954) – Ladri, manichini e donne nude (1957) – The virus burglars (1992).Le commedie di Dario Fo and Gli struzzi are the estensive seletion of Dario Fo’ s work.Other of his best plays, are the “ Accidental death of an anarchist” and “Orgasmo adulto escapes from the zoo”. Dario Fo took part  also in “canzonissima”, a popular television series, and in “Cabaret-style”. Dario Fo won nobel prize for literature in 1997.

Comments

 In our opinion, Dario Fo is a famous and interesting Italian  writer, he gives many importance to the irony in his plays. In fact, he has take part in many tv shows with these, but sometimes, his social or political commitment, have involved him in numerous court cases and controversies with the Italian state, the police, the censors and the Vatican. But Dario Fo isn’t only opposer to conformist or to religion with his irony, because together with Franca Rame, his wife, Fo has written a number of monologues inspired by the struggle of Italy’s women, about the right to divorce and legal abortion.

Written by

Mattia Canevari

Giuseppe Ungaretti

His Life

Giuseppe Ungaretti was born in Alessandria of Egypt in 1888. In  1912 he moved to Paris where he attended University. In 1915 he joined the army and became a soldier during the war. In 1916 his first book : <<Il porto sepolto>> was published, then in 1919 <<Allegria di naufragi>>was printed. From 1937  to1942 he taught Italian literature at University of San Paolo of Brazil. Giuseppe Ungaretti died in Milan in 1970.

His poetics

It reflects two different components: the harmony and the transgression. He is considered the founder of “ermetismo” a literary current widespread in Italy around the 20s according to the critic Francesco Flora. This current tries to give the language an essential, sometimes dark dimension in order to renovate the Italian word.

According to Ungaretti, the analogy is one of main technical tool in fact he says “ Il poeta d’oggi cercherà di mettere a contatto immagini lontane, senza fili”.

His private experience as soldier during the First World War is reflected in his poems “Vita da uomo”. He destroyed the traditional Italian poetics by the introduction of only single words, without punctuation. His poems have to be acted like he used to do. In his collection “Il dolore” in 1947 he introduced the sufferance from the personal level to the collective one until the difficult conquer of the faith in God’s will.

His Poems 

The most important poems of Giuseppe Ungaretti are the follow: 

-I fiumi

-Veglia

-Mattina

-Soldati

-Commiato

Veglia 

Un’intera nottata

Buttato vicino

a un compagno

massacrato

con la sua bocca

digrignata

volta al plenilunio

con la congestione

delle sue mani

penetrata nel mio silenzio

ho scritto

lettere piene d’amore 

Non sono mai stato

tanto

attaccato alla vita